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Theories of Urban Politics

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Urban Affairs Review
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School District Fragmentation and Racial Residential Segregation

How Do Boundaries Matter?

Kendra Bischoff

Stanford University

Fragmentation, or the proliferation of independent jurisdictions, is a key feature of the political structure in many metropolitan areas in the United States. This article engages sorting theories to investigate racial segregation as one potential negative consequence of school district fragmentation in metropolitan areas. The main results suggest that fragmentation does increase multiracial segregation between districts. Using a decomposable segregation measure, the author also finds that fragmentation has a negative impact on segregation within districts and no significant effect on tract-level segregation. Additionally, the results suggest that the causes of segregation may differ for various race/ethnic groups. I argue here that segregation between political units may in fact be more appropriate than segregation between smaller units, such as census tracts, if one believes that the negative consequences of segregation stem from access to and social interactions within public institutions.

Key Words: racial segregation • fragmentation • school districts • residential sorting

This version was published on November 1, 2008

Urban Affairs Review, Vol. 44, No. 2, 182-217 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/1078087408320651
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